C++ multimap - end() Function

The C++ multimap::end function returns the iterator pointing to the past-the-last element of the multimap container. The past-the-last element of the multimap is the theoretical element that follows the last element. It does not point to any element, and hence could not be dereferenced.

Note: Multimap is an ordered data container which implies all its elements are ordered all the time.

iterator end();
const_iterator end() const;

iterator end() noexcept;
const_iterator end() const noexcept;

Parameters

No parameter is required.

Return Value

An iterator to the past-the-last element of the sequence container. If the sequence object is constant qualified, the function returns a const_iterator, else returns an iterator.

Time Complexity

Constant i.e, Θ(1).

Example:

In the example below, the multimap::end function returns the iterator pointing to the past-the-last element of the multimap MyMMap.

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
 
int main (){
  multimap<string, string> MyMMap;
  multimap<string, string>::iterator it;

  MyMMap.insert(pair<string, string>("USA", "New York"));
  MyMMap.insert(pair<string, string>("USA", "Washington"));  
  MyMMap.insert(pair<string, string>("CAN", "Toronto"));
  MyMMap.insert(pair<string, string>("CAN", "Montreal"));
  MyMMap.insert(pair<string, string>("IND", "Delhi"));

  it = MyMMap.end();
  it--;
  cout<<it->first<<" => "<<it->second<<"\n";
  it--;
  cout<<it->first<<" => "<<it->second<<"\n";
  it--;
  cout<<it->first<<" => "<<it->second<<"\n";
  return 0;
}

The output of the above code will be:

USA => Washington
USA => New York
IND => Delhi

Example:

Lets see another example of multimap where multimap::end function is used with multimap::begin function to specify a range including all elements of the multimap container.

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
 
int main (){
  multimap<string, string> MyMMap;
  multimap<string, string>::iterator it;

  MyMMap.insert(pair<string, string>("USA", "New York"));
  MyMMap.insert(pair<string, string>("USA", "Washington"));  
  MyMMap.insert(pair<string, string>("CAN", "Toronto"));
  MyMMap.insert(pair<string, string>("CAN", "Montreal"));
  MyMMap.insert(pair<string, string>("IND", "Delhi"));

  cout<<"MyMMap contains:"<<"\n ";
  for(it = MyMMap.begin(); it != MyMMap.end(); ++it)
    cout<<it->first<<" => "<<it->second<<"\n ";

  return 0;
}

The output of the above code will be:

MyMMap contains:
 CAN => Toronto
 CAN => Montreal
 IND => Delhi
 USA => New York
 USA => Washington

❮ C++ <map> Library