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PHP - Arrays

Create an Array

It starts with defining the datatype of the array, name of the array followed by size of the array enclosed in square brackets, [ ].

Initialize an Array

An array can be initialized by separating it's elements by comma (,) and enclosing with curly brackets { }.

Please note the following points while working with Arrays:

Array can be initialized later using index, if it not initialized at the time of declaration.
if a variable is used for the size of array, then the variable must not be unassigned before declaring the array.

Syntax

//declaring an array of size 3.
int MyArray [3];  

//array of size 'n'. 
//'n' must have assigned value before declaration.
float MyArray [n]; 

//declaring and initializing an array of size 3.  
int MyArray [3] = {10,20,30};

Access element of an Array

An element of an Array can be accessed with it's index number. Index number for an Array in PHP starts with 0.

Below mentioned example illustrates on indexing for an Array in PHP.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
 
int main (){
    string weekday[5] = {"MON", "TUE", "WED", "THU", "FRI"};
    cout<<weekday[4]; 
    return 0;
}

Output

FRI

Change elements of an Array

Any element of an Array can be changed using its index number and assigning a new value.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
 
int main (){
    string weekday[5] = {"MON", "TUE", "WED", "THU", "FRI"};
    weekday[0] = "MON_new";
    weekday[3] = "THU_new";
    cout<<weekday[0]<<"\n"; 
    cout<<weekday[3]; 
    return 0;
}

Output

MON_new
THU_new

Loop over an Array

With for loop or while loop, we can access each elements of an Array.

For Loop over an Array

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
 
int main (){
    string weekday[5] = {"MON", "TUE", "WED", "THU", "FRI"};
    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
      cout<<weekday[i]<<"\n";     	
    }
    return 0;
}

Output

MON
TUE
WED
THU
FRI

While Loop over an Array

Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main (){
    int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
    int i = 0;
    while(i < 5)
    {
      cout<<numbers[i]<<"\n"; 
      i++;    	
    }
    return 0;
}

Output

Multi-dimensional Array

Multi-dimensional array can be viewed as arrays of arrays. PHP allows you to define array of any dimension.

Syntax

int MyArray [n][m];    //2-dimension array.
int MyArray [p][q][r]; //3-dimension array.
int MyArray [2][3] = {10,20,30}; //2-dimensional array with size (2,3).

Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main (){
    int numbers[2][3] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60};
    for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    {
      for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
      {
        cout<<numbers[i][j]<<" ";
      }
      cout<<"\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

Output

10 20 30 
40 50 60

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