Python - Operators
Operators are used to perform operation on two operands. Operators in Python can be categorized as follows:
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Logical operators
- Identity operators
- Membership operators
- Bitwise operators
Arithmetic operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on two operands.
| Operator | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | |
| - | Subtraction | |
| * | Multiplication | |
| / | Division | |
| ** | Exponent / Power | a**b is equivalent to a^b (ex: 10**2 is equal to 100) |
| % | Modulus | a%b returns remainder of a/b (ex: 10 % 3 returns 1) |
| // | Floor division | a//b returns greatest integer of a/b (ex: 14//3 returns 4) |
Assignment operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values of right hand side expression to left hand side operand.
| Operator | Expression | Equivalent to |
|---|---|---|
| = | a = 5 | a = 5 |
| += | a += b | a = a + b |
| -= | a -= b | a = a - b |
| *= | a *= b | a = a * b |
| /= | a /= b | a = a / b |
| **= | a **= b | a = a ** b |
| %= | a %= b | a = a % b |
| //= | a //= b | a = a // b |
| &= | a &= b | a = a & b |
| |= | a |= b | a = a | b |
| ^= | a ^= b | a = a ^ b |
| >>= | a >>= b | a = a >> b |
| <<= | a <<= b | a = a << b |
Comparison operators
Comparison operators are used to compare values of two operands. It returns true when values matches and false when values doen not match.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| == | Equal |
| != | Not equal |
| > | Greater than |
| < | Less than |
| >= | Greater than or equal to |
| <= | Less than or equal to |
Logical operators
Logical operators are used to combine two or more conditions.
| Operator | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| and | Returns True when all conditions are true | |
| or | Returns True when any of the conditions is true | |
| not | Returns opposite result | not(2<5) returns false |
Identity operators
Identity operators are used to compare memory location of two objects.
| Operator | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| is | Returns true when both variables are the same object | a is b |
| is not | Returns true when both variables are not the same object | a is not b |
Membership operators
Membership operators are used to check the membership of element(s) in a sequence like lists, tuple etc.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| in | Returns True if element(s) is present in the object | a in b |
| not in | Returns True if element(s) is not present in the object | a not in b |
Bitwise operators
Bitwise operators are used to perform bitwise operations on two operands.
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| & | AND | Returns 1 if both bits at the same in both operands are 1, else returns 0 |
| | | OR | Returns 1 if one of two bits at the same in both operands is 1, else returns 0 |
| ^ | XOR | Returns 1 if only one of two bits at the same in both operands is 1, else returns 0 |
| ~ | NOT | Reverse all the bits |
| >> | Right shift | The left operand is moved right by the number of bits present in the right operand |
| << | Left shift | The left operand value is moved left by the number of bits present in the right operand |
