C++ - Operators
Operators are used to perform operation on two operands. Operators in C++ can be categorized as follows:
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Increment/Decrement operators
- Logical operators
- Bitwise operators
Arithmetic operators:
Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on two operands.
| Operator | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | |
| - | Subtraction | |
| * | Multiplication | |
| / | Division | |
| % | Modulus | a%b returns remainder of a/b (ex: 10 % 3 returns 1) |
Assignment operators:
Assignment operators are used to assign values of right hand side expression to left hand side operand.
| Operator | Expression | Equivalent to |
|---|---|---|
| = | a = 5 | a = 5 |
| += | a += b | a = a + b |
| -= | a -= b | a = a - b |
| *= | a *= b | a = a * b |
| /= | a /= b | a = a / b |
| %= | a %= b | a = a % b |
| &= | a &= b | a = a & b |
| |= | a |= b | a = a | b |
| ^= | a ^= b | a = a ^ b |
| >>= | a >>= b | a = a >> b |
| <<= | a <<= b | a = a << b |
Comparison operators:
Comparison operators are used to compare values of two operands. It returns true when values matches and false when values doen not match.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| == | Equal |
| != | Not equal |
| > | Greater than |
| < | Less than |
| >= | Greater than or equal to |
| <= | Less than or equal to |
Increment/Decrement operators
Increment and decrement operators are used to increase and decrease the value of variable.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| ++x | Pre-increment: Increases the value of x by 1, then returns x. |
| x++ | Post-increment: Returns x, then increases the value of x by 1. |
| --x | Pre-decrement: Decreases the value of x by 1, then returns x. |
| x-- | Post-decrement: Returns x, then decreases the value of x by 1. |
Logical operators:
Logical operators are used to combine two or more conditions.
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| && | AND | Returns True when all conditions are true |
| || | OR | Returns True when any of the conditions is true |
| ! | NOT | Returns opposite result: !(2<5) returns false |
Bitwise operators:
Bitwise operators are used to perform bitwise operations on two operands.
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| & | AND | Returns 1 if both bits at the same in both operands are 1, else returns 0 |
| | | OR | Returns 1 if one of two bits at the same in both operands is 1, else returns 0 |
| ^ | XOR | Returns 1 if only one of two bits at the same in both operands is 1, else returns 0 |
| ~ | NOT | Reverse all the bits |
| >> | Right shift | The left operand is moved right by the number of bits present in the right operand |
| << | Left shift | The left operand value is moved left by the number of bits present in the right operand |
