C++ - Operators
Operators are used to perform operation on a single operand or two operands. Operators in C++ can be categorized as follows:
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Increment/Decrement operators
- Logical operators
- Bitwise operators
- Other operators
Arithmetic operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on two operands.
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | Add two values |
| - | Subtraction | Subtract one value from another |
| * | Multiplication | Multiply two values |
| / | Division | Divide one value by another |
| % | Modulus | Returns remainder of division operation |
Example
Assignment operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values of right hand side expression to left hand side operand.
| Operator | Expression | Equivalent to | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| = | a = 5 | a = 5 | Example |
| += | a += b | a = a + b | |
| -= | a -= b | a = a - b | |
| *= | a *= b | a = a * b | |
| /= | a /= b | a = a / b | |
| %= | a %= b | a = a % b | |
| &= | a &= b | a = a & b | More Info |
| |= | a |= b | a = a | b | More Info |
| ^= | a ^= b | a = a ^ b | More Info |
| >>= | a >>= b | a = a >> b | More Info |
| <<= | a <<= b | a = a << b | More Info |
Comparison operators
Comparison operators are used to compare values of two operands. It returns true when values matches and false when values doen not match.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| == | Equal |
| != | Not equal |
| > | Greater than |
| < | Less than |
| >= | Greater than or equal to |
| <= | Less than or equal to |
Example
Increment/Decrement operators
Increment and decrement operators are used to increase and decrease the value of variable.
| Operator | Name | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ++x | Pre-increment | Increases the value of x by 1, then returns x. | Example |
| x++ | Post-increment | Returns x, then increases the value of x by 1. | |
| --x | Pre-decrement | Decreases the value of x by 1, then returns x. | Example |
| x-- | Post-decrement | Returns x, then decreases the value of x by 1. |
Logical operators
Logical operators are used to combine two or more conditions.
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| && | AND | Returns True when all conditions are true |
| || | OR | Returns True when any of the conditions is true |
| ! | NOT | Returns opposite boolean result |
More Info
Bitwise operators
Bitwise operators are used to perform bitwise operations on two operands.
| Operator | Name | Description | More Info |
|---|---|---|---|
| & | AND | Returns 1 if both bits at the same position in both operands are 1, else returns 0. | More Info |
| | | OR | Returns 1 if one of two bits at the same position in both operands is 1, else returns 0. | More Info |
| ^ | XOR | Returns 1 if only one of two bits at the same position in both operands is 1, else returns 0. | More Info |
| ~ | NOT | Reverse all the bits. | More Info |
| >> | Right shift | The left operand is moved right by the number of bits present in the right operand. | More Info |
| << | Left shift | The left operand value is moved left by the number of bits present in the right operand. | More Info |
Other operators
The below table describes other operators supported by C++:
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| sizeof() | Returns size of a data type, constants or variable. |
| ternary operator (?:) | Returns one of the two values based on value of boolean expression. |
